Box.



J. E. DAVIDSON.

BSF..

APPLIGATION Hum M1147, 1913.

Panam-,ed Mar. 1o, 1914 "entren 'ferrures PATENT orrion.

JFN EDAV-)SOL OF BGS-TON, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIG'IN'OR DE ONE-THIRD T0 'ARTHUR N. HOGE, SFNEVTON, MASSACHUSETTS, ANI) ONE-THIRD T0 JGHN T. NIGHTINGL, OF BUSTON, MASSAHSUSETTS.

BOX. y

specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Mar. 10, 1914.

Application tiled January 17, 1913. Serial o. 742,591.

v fa citizen of the United States, residing at Boston, county of Suffolk, State of Massa ohusetts, have invented a certain new and iusetullmprovenient in Boxes, of which the f'tollowing is e. specification, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawings.

My invention has for its object an irnproved shipping case or box, more especially designed for use in the shipment of articles (of merchandise and the like, but which may lalso be advantageously employed as a box v or container for all purposes :t'or which light,

strong and durable boxes are required.

The. invention is fully set forth in the tollowing description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawing, and the novel features thereof are pointed out and clearly 4deiined .in the claims at the close of this specificati on.

' In the drawings, Figure l is a perspective view of a box embodying my invention. Fig. Q is a section on line 2 2 Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a perspective showing the preferred relation ot the ends. sides, top and bottom to each other. lFig. 4 is a perspective of a box corner showing one way in which the edge binding strips are. joined at the corner. Fig. 5 is a similar view showing another way in which said edge binding strips are joined at a box corner. Fig. 6 is also a perspective of a bor; corner showing still another way 'in ywhich the edge binding strips may be joined. Fig. 7 is a detail ot the device for fastening the corner binding strip in place and showing the laminated construction ot' 'the material of the box. Fig. 8 is a detail view showing overlapping wail parts of a box andI oi' such construction as to till in the recesses at the corinrs ot the overlapping parts. Fig. 9 s a view partly broken away of a box provided with a. slidable cover and seal therefor.

Shipping cases or boxes as now commonly construotedarc made from saw-ed lumber, andin all the usual sizes when made strong enough to insure safety in transit are rela tively heavy and require a relatively large ie amountof inhiber. The weight increases t transportation charges, and the large quantity of lumber used increases the expense and results in a very considerable waste of a material which is day by dayc becoming tine-grained merchandise such for examplei'iour, small seeds, and the like. lt may also be secured by a seal, so that it cannot be ropened without. breaking the box or destroying the seal, and this further insures delivery of the goods to the consignes safely and Without loss.

My improved case will be readily understood from the following description ot the construction of the saine, The ends l end 2, the sides 3 and 4, and the top and bottom 5 and 6 are formed from laminated wood, sec Fig. 7. This wood consists ot' two or more, preferably, three sheets of laminee which may be readily formed by theuse of a veneer machineof well known construction from properly tempered bolts or logs. A moist sheet, as it comes from the log, is placed on a table and coated with a. rather heavy coating of cement. is then laid on top ot' the tirst one, preferably With the grain of the Wood in crossed relation to the grain of the first sheet. This second sheet is also coated with cement, and a third sheet is thenv placed on top of the second sheet. The moist sheets which are thus builtvup are then subjected to pressure and heat in a hot press ot' any well known construction. This causes the cement to permeate the wood securing the sheets firmly together andthe whole is dried bythe heet under pressure, forming a; comparatively thin but very strong and tough sheet ot ma.- terial.

The next sheet i The number of yplies or sheets of wood thus producedare thenV cut. .in anyv Well known manner tothe desired shape and size required. for the ends, sides, top and bottom of the box. They are the-n put together in nel' the relation to each other shown in Fig. 3, in which the sides 3 and 4 rest-on the bottom 6 along the side edges thereof. The ends 1 and 2 overlap the iop and bottom 5 and 6 and fit between and are overlapped by the side portions 3 and 4.' The top 5 and bottom 6 overlap the sides and abut against and areovei'la ped by the ends 1 and 2. This relation o? the parte is shown clearly in said Fi 3. A

It will thus be understoodthat the body of the improved box is'composcd of sides, ends and top and bottom parts of laminated wood, the said parts or walls of the box supporting and preferably overlapping each land bottom of the box. In its moist con-v dition however, after the plies or sheets have been laid together with the interven ing layers of cement, it is out into strips of the proper width and these, while still moist, are subjected to heat and ing forms, orr molds, theinterior operative surface of the oiie form corre onding in shape with the exterior shape desired in the 'corner binding, and vthe o rative surface of the other form correspon ing in shape with the interior shape desired in the corner binding. The corner binding will ordinarily-haven convex external shape and a right angular interior shape in cross ysection as shown,

i since the boxes ordinarily made have what are termed square corners, but the shape ini ht be varied as desired.

he interiorA an le of the corner binding should be sharp, t at is, come to a substantiallgy sharp point incross-section, as shown at Figs. and 7, so that the interior surfaces 10 and 11 of the binding may lie closely in contact with the adjacent sides of the box throughout the' whole of said interior surfaces. The exterior surface of the binding is rounded, at the corner, as shown at 12, which gives a much stronger con-v struction and is for various reasons which are obvious more desirable than'a sharp exterior corner would be. The width and thickness of the binding may be varied 'as desired as will be clear.

The corner binding should for the best y 'results be applied so as to cover the edges or corners of the hoi; throughout, as shown. One convenient way ci doing this is shown ressure in a molding machine, provided wit coperat` lrial is relativel lig alike, t

in Fig-4 in which the corner bindin 13 which extends around the top edges o the vof the box at the corner is at its upper and lower ends butted against the top and bottom corner binding, as shown at 16. If desired the binding 13 around the top of the box and the vertical binding 15 at the corner of the boxr may (see Fig. 5) be mitered where they abut, as indicated by the lines 17, 18 and 19 in said figure. Either of these styles of corner construction make a neat, strong and satisfactory corner. A less expensive form of corner is shown in Fig. 6 in which vno mitering is employed. One edge binding 40 is extended to the corner and the adjoining edge bindings 41 and 42 are abutted against it. This leaves a small open space at 43 which is not covered by the bindin This space interferes somewhat .with t e finish and appearance of the box,

but for many uses a box so constructed is practically as good as one having .the corners mitered.

The corner binding is secured to the adjacent sides or outer walls of the boxv (the jword sides is here used to denote not only the sides proper but the outer walls com risin the bottom, -top and ends as well pre erably by means of metallic stl ples 20, which may be inserted very rapidly and perfect] by means of a staplin machine of wel known construction. 'hese staples are turned and clenched on their inner ends and form a very secure fastening. Nails which are driven and clenched may be employed'but I prefer the staples since they are superior as securing means, in my opinio'n and may be much more readily applied. i

This cornerI binding and reinforcing mate ve stron ble and not lia le to crac or sp it.

In the description thus far 'given IA have contemplated forming both ends of the box at is, the end portions, one of which isf/shown at: 1, Fig. 3 both project 11p t( a point which is flush with the upper surface of the top Q`i; `c over' 5. For the urpose of producing af' box whichis capablg of being repeatedly used, I prefer to form the top or cover so that it` may be slid on or olf, and to do this one of the end pieces, such as are indicated at 1, Fig. 3 is made ofless width from top to bottom than the other so that its upper edge instead of being flush with the upper surface of the top or cover 5 is substantially flush with the under surface thereof or with the upper edges of the sides 3 and 4. This permits the cover to be slid onto the box or withdrawn therefrom. When the cover Iis to be withdrawn the corner binding at the front end of the cover is permanently secured to the cover by means' of the staples and duraheretofore described, or other well known securing devices,V and the corner binding around thetop of the box, along the sides and at the otherend, is permanently secured to the sides and end respectively. The cover ma "Lthen be slid under ,the corner bindings anc along the top of the sides. After it has been slid into placelit may be firmly secured, preferably by means of a series of screws 21 which pass through the overlapping corner binding into the edges of the cover, or in other well known manner. These screws may likewise be used at 2Q at the front end. of the cover, although it will be found generally, that they are not necessary at this point, and especially is this the case if the -ox is not to be sealed. .In the latter ease the sealing may be readily and positively effected by assiu a wire .23 through the top edge of tie en( and through the downwardly rejecting flange of the corner binding at tie front end of the cover, the ends of this wire are then twisted u on themselves and fastened by a lead sea 24. in the usual manner. To open the box it is only necessary to remove the screws 21 and 22 and break the seal 24. rlhe cover may then be withdrawn.

My construction insures a very durable and stron case of light weight, entirely free from crac (s or openings and which may be put to a lar e variety of uses. Boxes constructed in t iis manner will carry a greater weight of material than boxes of the same size made from sawed lumber, and are much lighter and more economical in use and are capable of re eated use. i

t will furt er be noted that in a box or case the ends, sides, top and bottom, of which are placed in the relation to each other heretofore described, are so located that a direct pressure tending to force the ends, sides, top and bottom inwardly is borne by the adjacent parts so that the fastenings which se cure the parts to the strips of corner binding and renforcing material are subjected in such case to only a minimum of strain. They are relieved substantially from all direct strain and serve chiefly to resist. any strain which tends to laterally displace said ends, sides, to or bottom.

It will furtiier be noted that in the construction shown Fig. 3 which shows the parts, that is the ends, sides, top and bottom of the box much enlarged, there is a recess at each corner of the box, shown at 28. This may be filled in, if desired, by forming the ends of the box as shown Fi 8, that is with projections 30 which wil fill in said spaces at the corners. I have not found it necessary to so shape the ends as to fill these spaces or recesses at the corners because the material from which the parts of the box, that is the sides, ends, top and bottom are formed is relatively very thin and the space which is shown in exaggerated form in said Fig. 3, for greater clearness, is so small as to be negligible in the construction of a box or shipping case for all ordinary uses. The strong and thoroughly secured corner binding and reinforcing strips entirely cover and protect these corners so that I have not found it necessary to so construct the ends as to fill the slight spaces which are left by the 'construction shown in Fig. 3.

What I claim is;

1. The improved packing box consisting throughout of laminated wood comprising lamina` built up with the grain of the layers in crossed relation and united and permeated by cement, said box comprising contacting top, bottom, ends and sides supporting each other at the corners of the box, rigid corner reinforcing strips overlapping the contacting walls of the box and each having a sharp internal angle, the inner overlapping faces of said strips being in contact throughout their lengt s with the adjacent walls of the box, and means for securing said rcinforcin stri s in place.

2. The improved pac (ing ox com rising overlapping to ,i bottom, sides an ends forming the wa 1s of the box and composed of laminated wood, consisting of laminae secured together and permeated by cement, combined with rigid corner binding strips overlapping said walls and having a sharp interna angle, said corner binding strips being composed of laminas of wood secured together and permeated by cement, and means for securing said corner bindin strips over said contiguous walls to cause t e inner surfaces of said strips to lie in contact throughout with the adjacent walls of the box and firmly secure and clamp them together.

3. he improved laminated wood box consistin of to bottom, sides, and ends, orming tie wal s of the box and having their edges in contact with and supporting each other, said wall parts being composed of laminm of wood with the grain placed in crossed relation and united and permeated by cement, combined with rigid corner bindings composed of laminas of wood with the grain placed in crossed relation and united and permeated by cement, said corner bindings overlappin the walls of the box and each having a s larp internal angle and mitered ends, and means for securing said corner bindings to the walls of the box with their mitered ends in close engagement and their internal faces in contact throughout with the adjacent box surfaces.

4. The improved packing case having overlapping top, bottom, ends and sides, forming the walls of the box, of laminated wood united and permeated by cement the overlapping parts forming the walls of the box supporting each against pressure from without, combined with rigid corner bindings around the box edges and composed of lamina: of wood united and permeated by cement and each having a sharp internal angle to permit their internal faces to lie in contact throughout with the surfaces of ad# jacent wall arts, and means for securing said corner indings to said box edges to strengthen and support the box.

5. he improved packing case, composed of laminated wood united and permeated by cement, having sides, ends and top and bottoni parts, a ortion of each of said parts overlapping t e edge of an adjacent part, combined with rigid corner bindings com- Uoplu of this patent may be obtained for ave cents each,

posed of laminae of wood united and permeated by cement and each having a sharp internal angle, said top part havmg a corner binding strip secured along one edge, and means for securing said first mentioned corner bindin s to the box edges to cause said corner bin ings to lie in contact throughout with the adjacent box surfaces.

In testimonyy whereof I afiix my signature. in presence o two witnesses.

JOHN E. DAVIDSON.

Witnesses:

VVILLiAu A. MACLEOD, Amon H. MORRISON.

by lddrenlng the Commissioner ot Patents,

Washington, D. 0." 

